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Generally, heterogeneous nucleation takes place more quickly since the foreign particles act as a scaffold for the crystal to grow on, thus eliminating the necessity of creating a new surface and the incipient surface energy requirements.

Nucleation can be either homogeneous, without the influence of foreign particles, or heterogeneous, with the influence of foreign particles. Silver crystal growing on a ceramic substrate. On the other hand, impurities can act as crystal growth inhibitors and can also modify crystal habit. By contrast, perfect crystals (lacking defects) would grow exceedingly slowly. The reason for such rapid growth is that real crystals contain dislocations and other defects, which act as a catalyst for the addition of particles to the existing crystalline structure. This process is significantly faster than nucleation.

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After successful formation of a stable nucleus, a growth stage ensues in which free particles (atoms or molecules) adsorb onto the nucleus and propagate its crystalline structure outwards from the nucleating site. Nucleation occurs relatively slowly as the initial crystal components must impinge on each other in the correct orientation and placement for them to adhere and form the crystal. In the first nucleation stage, a small nucleus containing the newly forming crystal is created. There are two stages in the crystallization process: nucleation and growth. This contrasts with most liquids or fluids, which have a low shear modulus, and typically exhibit the capacity for macroscopic viscous flow. Most crystalline solids have high values both of Young's modulus and of the shear modulus of elasticity. The crystalline state of matter is characterized by a distinct structural rigidity and very high resistance to deformation (i.e. The action of crystal growth yields a crystalline solid whose atoms or molecules are close packed, with fixed positions in space relative to each other.

The growth typically follows an initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation, unless a 'seed' crystal, purposely added to start the growth, was already present. Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice. All other positions on an incomplete crystal layer have only one or two neighbours.ДЄ crystal is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.

Its energy will be a minimum because in that position it is three neighbors (one below, one to its left and one above right) which it will interact with. It is joining the lattice at the point where its energy will be a minimum, which is in the corner of the incomplete top layer (on top of the particle shown with yellow edges). A particle in the fluid (shown with red edges) is joining the crystal, growing the crystal by one particle. The top layer is incomplete, only ten of the sixteen lattice positions are occupied by particles. The crystal is of (blue) cubic particles on a simple cubic lattice.

Schematic of a small part of a growing crystal.

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